Article Type
Review
Subject Area
Marine Biology
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems in Alexandria are facing significant stress, primarily due to the intrusion of discharged wastewaters of different origins. Over the past three decades, there has been a noticeable increase in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) across Alexandria marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Unfortunately, the situation is deteriorating, and HABs have become chronic issues characterized by frequent occurrences of various causative species. This phenomenon has spread widely affecting previously uninfected coastal areas with high frequency and diverse patterns of occurrence. This article provides an overview of the state of visible HABs associated with incidents of fish and/or invertebrate mortality, though it does not cover all aspects of HAB events comprehensively. Seasonal blooms occur regularly from spring until mid-autumn. Alexandria's waters are a significant hotspot for invasive potentially toxic species, which have become major components of the local community and production. An increase in HABs is anticipated in the future for various reasons. The actual situation regarding the initiation of HABs, their native origins, and transportation along coastal eutrophic areas is not well defined yet. The knowledge gained may assist policymakers in the management, enhancement, and conservation of Alexandria's ecosystems.
Full Text of Submission
wf_yes
Recommended Citation
Mikhail, Samia K. and Labib, Wagdy
(2024)
"A long-term study of algal blooms in Alexandria's ecosystems: A review,"
Blue Economy: Vol. 2
:
Iss.
2
, Article 10.
Available at:
https://doi.org/10.57241/2805-2994.1035
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
